Universal Rights
Universal rights refer to the minimal socioeconomic, cultural, and political conditions requested and expected by people throughout history and in all civilizations. In reality, universal rights are those that are regarded as essential for living a decent and dignified life.
Followings are the three main universal rights:
- Right of Livelihood.
- Right of Expression.
- Right of Education.
Fundamental Rights
Basic Rights are those conditions, facilities, and rights that are deemed essential for the growth of a country’s population, are enshrined in the Constitution, and are fundamental in governance.
Fundamental Rights and democratic governments have become synonymous. All the liberal democratic states provide Fundamental Rights to its citizen. Fundamental rights are generally; justiciable which means if the Fundamental Rights are denied by the state, the citizens can move to the court.
In the beginning, the Indian Constitution had seven Fundamental Rights but one Right i.e. Right of Property was deleted in 1979 by 99th constitutional amendment.
Now there are six Fundamental Rights which are as under:-
- Right of Equality
- Right of Liberty
- Right against Exploitation
- Right of Religious liberty
- Right of Education and culture
- Right of Constitutional Remedies:
Human Rights
Human Rights are those conditions, mode of behaviour which one expects and demands being a human being, The assumption behind human rights is that all persons are entitled to certain things, ‘ mode of behaviour, working and living conditions because they are human beings.
A human being is emotional and intellectual, hence he needs behaviour accordingly. As a human being, each person is unique and valuable.
Political Rights
Political Rights are those rights which enable the people to express their views on a different issue, and allow them to participate in the democratic process like, right to vote, right to contest, right to form an association and political parties, right to oppose. Political Rights are also a necessary part of the democratic process.
Political Rights also include the right of a fair trial, the right to equality before the law. Political rights are linked with civil liberties. Rights to protest and express dissent is also political right.
Economic Rights
Economic Rights are the most important rights for sustaining life. These are the demands and claims which are required for leading a decent and qualitative life.
Important economic rights are:
- Right of livelihood
- Right of minimum adequate wages
- Right of leisure
- Right of having minimum basic needs of shelter, food, clothes and wages
- Right of compensation GTC.
Natural theory of Rights
Supporters of the natural theory of rights argue that rights are given to us by nature. It means we had rights when we are born. These rights of men were derived from the natural law and not the creation of state OF society. These rights are natural, which cannot be taken by anyone in any circumstance.
Supporters of this theory consider three important basic rights:
- Right to life
- Right to liberty
- Right to property.
They say that all other rights are derived from these rights.
Moral Rights
Certain expectations, demands and expectations are made on the basis of moral ground. These are known as moral rights. They do not carry compulsion or any kind of legality. These rights are based on the appeal to the moral self. For example, it is the moral right of the old age people and a disabled person or blind person to expect support from the abled person.