What are the Kinds of Rights ? Types and Explained

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Rights

Universal Rights

Uni­ver­sal rights refer to the min­i­mal socioe­co­nom­ic, cul­tur­al, and polit­i­cal con­di­tions request­ed and expect­ed by peo­ple through­out his­to­ry and in all civ­i­liza­tions. In real­i­ty, uni­ver­sal rights are those that are regard­ed as essen­tial for liv­ing a decent and dig­ni­fied life.

Followings are the three main universal rights:

  1. Right of Livelihood.
  2. Right of Expression.
  3. Right of Education.

Fundamental Rights

Basic Rights are those con­di­tions, facil­i­ties, and rights that are deemed essen­tial for the growth of a coun­try’s pop­u­la­tion, are enshrined in the Con­sti­tu­tion, and are fun­da­men­tal in governance.

Fun­da­men­tal Rights and demo­c­ra­t­ic gov­ern­ments have become syn­ony­mous. All the lib­er­al demo­c­ra­t­ic states pro­vide Fun­da­men­tal Rights to its cit­i­zen. Fun­da­men­tal rights are gen­er­al­ly; jus­ti­cia­ble which means if the Fun­da­men­tal Rights are denied by the state, the cit­i­zens can move to the court. 

In the begin­ning, the Indi­an Con­sti­tu­tion had sev­en Fun­da­men­tal Rights but one Right i.e. Right of Prop­er­ty was delet­ed in 1979 by 99th con­sti­tu­tion­al amendment. 

Now there are six Fundamental Rights which are as under:-

  1. Right of Equality
  2. Right of Liberty
  3. Right against Exploitation
  4. Right of Reli­gious liberty
  5. Right of Edu­ca­tion and culture
  6. Right of Con­sti­tu­tion­al Remedies:

Human Rights

Human Rights are those con­di­tions, mode of behav­iour which one expects and demands being a human being, The assump­tion behind human rights is that all per­sons are enti­tled to cer­tain things, ‘ mode of behav­iour, work­ing and liv­ing con­di­tions because they are human beings. 

A human being is emo­tion­al and intel­lec­tu­al, hence he needs behav­iour accord­ing­ly. As a human being, each per­son is unique and valuable.

Political Rights

Polit­i­cal Rights are those rights which enable the peo­ple to express their views on a dif­fer­ent issue, and allow them to par­tic­i­pate in the demo­c­ra­t­ic process like, right to vote, right to con­test, right to form an asso­ci­a­tion and polit­i­cal par­ties, right to oppose. Polit­i­cal Rights are also a nec­es­sary part of the demo­c­ra­t­ic process. 

Polit­i­cal Rights also include the right of a fair tri­al, the right to equal­i­ty before the law. Polit­i­cal rights are linked with civ­il lib­er­ties. Rights to protest and express dis­sent is also polit­i­cal right.

Economic Rights

Eco­nom­ic Rights are the most impor­tant rights for sus­tain­ing life. These are the demands and claims which are required for lead­ing a decent and qual­i­ta­tive life. 

Important economic rights are:

  • Right of livelihood
  • Right of min­i­mum ade­quate wages
  • Right of leisure
  • Right of hav­ing min­i­mum basic needs of shel­ter, food, clothes and wages
  • Right of com­pen­sa­tion GTC.

Natural theory of Rights

Sup­port­ers of the nat­ur­al the­o­ry of rights argue that rights are giv­en to us by nature. It means we had rights when we are born. These rights of men were derived from the nat­ur­al law and not the cre­ation of state OF soci­ety. These rights are nat­ur­al, which can­not be tak­en by any­one in any circumstance. 

Supporters of this theory consider three important basic rights:

  1. Right to life
  2. Right to liberty
  3. Right to property.

They say that all oth­er rights are derived from these rights.

Moral Rights

Cer­tain expec­ta­tions, demands and expec­ta­tions are made on the basis of moral ground. These are known as moral rights. They do not car­ry com­pul­sion or any kind of legal­i­ty. These rights are based on the appeal to the moral self. For exam­ple, it is the moral right of the old age peo­ple and a dis­abled per­son or blind per­son to expect sup­port from the abled person.

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