Communication is the process of the transfer of information from one place to another. Communication is the process of establishing a connection or link between two points for information exchange.
In other words, A communication system is a process of conveying information from the source to a destination.
A communication system is a model that describes how two stations, the transmitter, and receiver, communicate. Signals or information travel from source to destination via a channel, which is a representation of how a signal travels from source to destination. Signals must be processed through several stages before being transmitted in a communication system, starting with signal representation and progressing through signal shaping, encoding, and modulation. After preparing the transmitted signal, it is passed to the transmission line of the channel, and because of signal crossing, this media has to face many impairments such as noise, attenuation, and distortion.
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Element of a communication System
Following are the Element or components of the communication system
Information source, input transducer, transmitter, channel(Noise and distortion), Receiver and the output transducer
The communication channel A medium that bridges the distance from source to destination. Eg Atmosphere(free space), coaxial cable, fiber optic, waveguide
Noise and distortion is the process of changing the shape of a communicating signal that may mislead the destination about the content of the message this may occur due to the inability of the channel to convey frequency, phase, and amplitude information from one side to another side.
Noise is random, unwanted interference on the transmitted signals. Noise can be internal or external.
The loss in amplitude or strength of the signal as it travels through the channel is called attenuation
The transmitter is a collection of one or more electronic devices or circuits that converts the original source information to a form more suitable for transmission over a particular transmission medium
A transmitter performs the operation of modulation and multiplexing
The receiver is the device that receives information from the channel and extracts the intended electrical message from it.
The transducer converts the information to be transmitted to its electrical equivalent message signal, as electrical signals that move with the speed of light increase the speed of communication output transducer converts electrical signal or electrical input to a form of message required by uses like speech, image, text Video, etc.
The destination is the final stage which is used to convert an electrical message signal into its original form.
BandWidth (BW)
Bandwidth may be defined as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum occupied by a signal. BW can also be defined as the frequencies range over which are information signal is transmitted BW is the difference between upper and lower frequencies of the signals BW = frequency‑2 — frequency‑1.
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