The Wildlife Protection Act 1972 and Amendment, 1982

In 1972 Parliament enacted the Wildlife (Protection) Act. The wildlife act provides for state wildlife advisory broads, regulations for hunting wild animals and birds, establishment of sanctuaries and national parks, Regulation for trade in wild animals and animal products and trophies and Judicially impose penalties for violating the act. 

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Wildlife Pro­tec­tion Act

Harm­ing endan­gered species list­ed in sched­ule I of the act is pro­hib­it­ed through­out India.Hunting species like those requir­ing Spe­cial Pro­tec­tion (sched­ule II ), big game (sched­ule 3) and small games (sched­ule IV) is reg­u­lat­ed through a licens­ing. A few species clas­si­fied as vermin(Schedule IV) and May be hunt­ed with­out restric­tion. Wild life war­dens and their Staff admin­is­ter the Act.

An amend­ment to the act in 1982 intro­duced a pro­vi­sion from per­mit­ting the cap­ture and trans­porta­tion of wild ani­mals for the sci­en­tif­ic man­age­ment of ani­mal population.

India is a sig­na­to­ry to the con­ven­tion of inter­na­tion­al Trade in endan­gered species of fau­na and flo­ra (C I T E S, 1976.). 

Under this export or Import of endan­gered species and their prod­ucts are gov­erned by the con­di­tion and stip­u­la­tion lay down there in. Indi­an gov­ern­ment has also start­ed some con­ser­va­tion project for indi­vid­ual in dan­ger­ous species like hangul launched in (1970), Lion (1972), Tiger (1973), Croc­o­diles (1974) and Brown antlered Deer (1981) and Ele­phant (1991- 92).

The forest (Conservation ) Act of 1980

First for­est act in enact­ed in 1927. this is one of the main sur­viv­ing colo­nial leg­is­la­tion. it was enact­ed to con­sol­i­date the law relat­ed to for­est the tran­sit of for­est pro­duce and the duty payable on tim­ber and oth­er for­est pro­duce. sub­se­quent­ly the for­est con­ser­va­tion Act was for­mu­lat­ed in 1980 to make cer­tain reforms over the pre­ced­ing act of 1971.

The 1927 Act deals with the four cat­e­gories of the for­est name­ly Reserved For­est, vil­lage for­est, pro­tect­ed forests and pri­vate forest. 

A state may declare for­est land or waste land as reserve for­est and May sell the pro­duce from the for­est. Any unau­tho­rised felling of trees quar­ry­ing , graz­ing and hunt­ing in reserve for­est is pun­ish­able with the fined or impris­on­ment or both. 

Reserve for­est assigned to a vil­lage com­mu­ni­ty is called vil­lage forest.The state gov­ern­ments are empow­ered to des­ig­nate pro­tect­ed forests and May pro­hib­it the felling of trees ‚quar­ry­ing and the removal of for­est pro­duce from these for­est. Offi­cer and their staff admin­is­ter the for­est act.

Alarmed at Indi­a’s rapid defor­esta­tion and result­ing envi­ron­ment degra­da­tion, Cen­tre Gov­ern­ment enact­ed the for­est (con­ser­va­tion) Act in 1980. Under the pro­vi­sions of this Act, pri­or approval of the Cen­tral Gov­ern­ment is required for diver­sion of for­est lands for non — for­est pur­pos­es. An Advi­so­ry Com­mit­tee Con­sti­tut­ed under the Act advis­es the cen­tre on these approvals.

Biodiversity Act, 2000

India is one of the twelve Mega bio­di­ver­si­ty coun­tries of the world and become a part part of the inter­na­tion­al con­ven­tion on bio­log­i­cal diver­si­ty in 1994. the objec­tive of the con­ven­tion are : the con­ver­sa­tion of bio­log­i­cal diver­si­ty, the sus­tain­able use of its com­po­nents and the fair and equi­table shar­ing of the ben­e­fit aris­ing out of util­i­sa­tion of genet­ic resources. To achieve these goals , bio­di­ver­si­ty bill 2000 was intro­duced in par­lia­ment in May 2000. This was final­ly passed only in Decem­ber 2002. 

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Bio­di­veristy

This bills seeks to check bio pira­cy , pro­tect bio­log­i­cal diver­si­ty and local com­mit­tee’s. These will reg­u­late access to plant and ani­mal genet­ic resources and share the benefits. 

The nation Bio­di­ver­si­ty Author­i­ty (NBA) set up under the Act, deals with all cas­es of access by for­eign­ers. Its approval will be required before obtain­ing any intel­lec­tu­al prop­er­ty right on an inven­tion based on a bio­log­i­cal resources from India, or on its tra­di­tion­al knowl­edge. It will oppose such rights giv­en in oth­er coun­tries . the NBA enjoys the pow­er of a civ­il court . In addi­tion, cen­tre May issue direc­tives ro state if it feels a nat­u­ral­ly rich area is threat­ened by overuse , abuse or neglect.

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