What is Floods, Cyclones and Tsunamis ? Explanation

Water is essen­tial for life water cycle ensure that the water that drains into the sea evap­o­rates and come back as cloud to rain and snow over the Earth bring in fresh­wa­ter. how­ev­er there are cer­tain phe­nom­e­na asso­ci­at­ed with the flow of water in nature that can cause untold mis­ery to human beings. 

Prin­ci­pal among these are : flood , cyclones , hur­ri­canes and landslides.

Tsuna­mi caused a great deal of dam­age in south Asian countries.

Floods

Floods are the most com­mon of all the nat­ur­al calami­ties. floods reg­u­lar­ly cleaned thou­sands of life and adverse­ly affect mil­lion of human beings annu­al worldwide. 

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Bangladesh and India togeth­er account for over two third of dou­ble death count each year. more than the loss of life and dam­age to prop­er­ty mil­lions of peo­ple are dis­placed every year due to floods in the south Asian countries.

A flood is the dis­charge of water that exceed the canal capac­i­ty of the riv­er.

Flood are caused by dif­fer­ent fac­tors that include:

• Cli­mate extremes — heavy and pro­longed rainfall
• Melt­ing of snow and ice
• Col­lapse of dams 
• Defor­esta­tion and land slides
• Silt­ing of riv­er beds reduc­ing the car­ry­ing capac­i­ty of rivers.
• Lack of coor­di­na­tion between offi­cials of adjoin­ing coun­tries or states fac­ing sim­i­lar problem.

It is pos­si­ble to reduce the adverse effect of flood by con­struc­tion of dams and reser­voirs at appro­pri­ate places , strength­en­ing the embank­ment of on riv­er and Canal , improv­ing the car­ry­ing capac­i­ty of rivers, canals and reser­voir by peri­od­i­cals deep­en­ing and deep­en­ing operation.

Weath­er fore­cast­ing and flood­plain man­age­ment tech­niques can help in min­imis­ing casu­al­ties and damages.

Cyclones

One of the most com­mon coastal calami­ty is the cyclone. cyclones claims many lies and caus­es immense dam­age to prop­er­ty every year.

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Cyclones are cost in the trop­i­cal belt when sea water gets heat­ed up 27°C and more so that low pres­sure areas devel­op above the water levels.

The low pres­sure areas remain sta­tion­ary for three to four days and draw ener­gy from the sea sur­face. As the pres­sure in the cen­tre falls, the wind speed increase and could bursts starts spi­ralling around the cen­tre caus­ing squalls. As the pres­sure falls in the centre,the winds in the sur­round­ing areas rush inward cre­at­ing spi­ral­ly mov­ing storms. The cyclone then moves land­ward towards areas of low­est pres­sure. Strong winds and heavy rain destroy and anni­hi­late weath­er comes in their way.

A trop­i­cal cyclone that struck north­ern bay of ben­gal in 1970 caused tidal waves of 6 metres height killing three hun­dred thou­sand peo­ple and destroy­ing 65% of the total fish­ing capac­i­ty of the coastal region.

Today with the advance­ment in weath­er pre­dic­tion tech­niques , remote sens­ing satel­lites and coop­er­a­tion between coun­tries in shar­ing infor­ma­tion on weath­er con­di­tions , it is pos­si­ble to pre­dict the birth of a cyclone and mon­i­tor its move­ment to pin­point the areas where it is like­ly to hit the coast. In spite of this , the dam­age caused is very severe , the well planned relief oper­a­tions going hay­wire in the last minute.

Tsunamis

A Tsuna­mi is a wave in the ocean or in a League that is cre­at­ed by a geo­graph­i­cal event. there are also known as tidal waves or seis­mic sea waves. Most tsunamis are weak and have height of few cen­ti meters but the inten­si­ty varies from time to time. Near the place of ori­gin tsunamis May have height of many meters. 

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As they spread out or move into deep ocean , their heights decreas­es. How­ev­er , their height increase again as the tsuna­mi waves reach shal­low water near heights increase again as the tsunamis waves reach shal­low water near impact areas. The expect­ed heights for the larg­er shal­low water near impact areas . the expect­ed heights for the larg­er tsunamis are around 9 to 20 meters. Tsunamis are most often caused by larg­er earth­quake and land­slides. Vol­canic erup­tion can also cause tsunamis . 

On 26 Decem­ber 2004 the Indi­an coast­line expe­ri­ence the most was sit­ting Tsuna­mi in the record­ed his­to­ry. the tsuna­mi was trig­gered by an earth­quake of mag­ni­tude 9 on the Richter scale at 3.4 °N, 95.7°E off the coast of Suma­tra in the Indone­sian Arch­i­pel­ago at 06 : 29 hrs IST(00: 59 hrs GMT). IT dev­as­tat­ed the shores of Indone­sia , Sri lan­ka , India , Thai­land and oth­er coun­tries with waves of up to 15m high , even reach­ing the east coast of Africa , 4500km west of the epi­cen­tre. Almost 79,900 peo­ple were killed by the earth­quake and tsuna­mi in Indone­sia . Tsuna­mi killed at least 41,00 peo­ple in Sri Lan­ka, 10,000 in India and 4,000 in Thailand .

The mas­sive loss of life and prop­er­ty caused by Tsuna­mi of 2004 could have been avoid­ed if only we had an advance warn­ing sys­tem. it was there­fore decid­ed to install the equip­ment required for pro­tect­ing tsunamis. The indige­nous warn­ing sys­tem include putting in place a deep ocean assess­ment and report­ing sys­tem , around 20 data buoys and a soft­ware pro­gram that would help pro­tect and loca­tion time and height of any tidal for­ma­tions like tsunamis based on the changes and dis­tur­bance detect­ed under­wa­ter fol­low­ing seis­mic changes. 

India has tide up with the Pacif­ic Tsuna­mi warn­ing cen­tre and coun­try such as Indone­sia, Thai­land and Myan­mar for the required Inter­na­tion­al coop­er­a­tion in its pro­posed soft­ware pro­gram for the net­work­ing of avail­able data on tsuna­mi and the deep water ocean­ic changes.