What are the Levels of Healthcare of India? Types and Explanation

levels of healthcare
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lev­els of health­care of india

Indian Healthcare services are usually organised at three levels are as follows:-

  1. Pri­ma­ry Health Care
  2. Sec­ondary Health Care
  3. Ter­tiary Health Care

Primary Health Care 

  • This is the first lev­el of con­tact between the indi­vid­ual com­mu­ni­ty and the health sys­tem where is a Health Care is provided. 
  • Amaz­ing order of pre­vail­ing health com­plaints minor ail­ments and com­mon infec­tions along with pre­ven­tive ser­vices can be sat­is­fac­to­ri­ly dealt with at this level. 
  • In India vil­lage health Guide a s h a work­er’s fol­lowed by sub cen­tres and the Pri­ma­ry Health cen­tres togeth­er con­sti­tute the pri­ma­ry lev­el Health Care providers. 
  • Sub cen­tres and Pri­ma­ry Health cen­tres also pro­vide repro­duc­tive Health Fam­i­ly plan­ning ser­vices along with immu­niza­tion for children. 
  • Most of the ver­ti­cal pro­grams used this lev­el at the base of ser­vice provision. 
  • In a PHC a doc­tor along with a n m will be post­ed and they can han­dle or nor­mal deliv­ery where does the cas­es that require Cae­sare­an sec­tion will be referred to chc or sec­ondary Health­care facil­i­ty like dis­trict hos­pi­tal where and gynae­col­o­gy spe­cial­ist is post­ed and oth­er facil­i­ties like that of divi­sion is available. 

Secondary Healthcare

  • At this lev­el more Com­plex health prob­lems are dealt with that are not effec­tive­ly belt at pri­ma­ry level. 
  • It is essen­tial­ly cura­tive service-oriented. 
  • It is pro­vid­ed by the dis­trict hos­pi­tals and the com­mu­ni­ty health centres. 
  • They are also the first refer­ral lev­el in the health system. 
  • Facil­i­ties like x ray CT MRI scan blood bank etc will be avail­able and spe­cial­ist doc­tor will be post­ed here. 
  • Var­i­ous depart­ments like of steric and gynae­col­o­gy, oph­thal­mol­o­gy ENT oncol­o­gy it is he will be func­tion­ing in this Hospital

Tertiary Health Care 

  • This lev­el of a spe­cial­ist and super spe­cial­ist care these insti­tu­tions also do plan­ning devel­op­ing man­age­r­i­al skills and teach­ing train­ing the med­ical para­med­ical staff. 
  • Med­ical col­leges and super spe­cial­i­ty hos­pi­tals are includ­ed in this category. 
  • They are gen­er­al­ly refer­ral Hos­pi­tal where high­ly spe­cialised treat­ments are available. 
  • Under­stand­ing health as human rights cre­ates a legal oblig­a­tion on states to ensure access to time­ly accept­able and afford­able health care of appro­pri­ate qual­i­ty as well as pro­vid­ing for the under­ly­ing deter­mi­nant of L such as save and portable water san­i­ta­tion food hous­ing health relat­ed infor­ma­tion edu­ca­tion and gen­der equality. 

Right to health and components 

Availability

  • The health care ser­vices are avail­able to all irre­spec­tive of the abil­i­ty to pay, caste ‚class reli­gion, gen­der etc. 

Accessibility

  • The health care ser­vices are phys­i­cal­ly and eco­nom­i­cal­ly acces­si­ble to all the acces­si­bil­i­ty to infor­ma­tion is also part of accessibility. 

Acceptability

  • Relates to respect for med­ical ethics cul­tur­al­ly appro­pri­ate and sen­si­tiv­i­ty to gender. 
  • Accept­abil­i­ty requires that has facil­i­ties goods ser­vices and pro­grams are peo­ple-cen­tered and cater for the spe­cif­ic needs of diverse pop­u­la­tion groups and in accor­dance with inter­na­tion­al stan­dards of med­ical ethics for con­fi­den­tial­i­ty and informed consent. 

Quality

  • The ser­vices pro­vid­ed must be sci­en­tif­i­cal­ly and inter­na­tion­al­ly accepted. 
  • Safe­ty fac­tor ver­sus effi­cien­cy and time­ly nature of ser­vices are cov­ered in this aspect. 

According to Srinivasan 2006 the following four criteria are important to consider evaluate our health care system and just and efficient

  1. Uni­ver­sal access access to an ade­quate lev­el and access with­out exces­sive burden. 
  2. Fair dis­tri­b­u­tion of finan­cial cost for axis and a con­stant search for improve­ment to a more effi­cient system. 
  3. Train­ing providers for com­pe­tence sym­pa­thy account­abil­i­ty cost effec­tive use of resources etc. 
  4. Pay spe­cial atten­tion to the vul­ner­a­ble groups such as dis­abled aged and children. 

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