What is Management ? Objectives and functions of management

Man­age­ment is the process of plan­ning, organ­is­ing, staffing, direct­ing and con­trol­ling the resources of an enter­prise effi­cien­cy and effec­tive­ly for achiev­ing the goals of the orga­ni­za­tion. Man­age­ment helps in achiev­ing group goals, cre­ates a dynam­ic organ­i­sa­tion and increase effi­cien­cy. It also helps in achiev­ing per­son­al objec­tive and devel­op­ment of society. 

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Objec­tive of Management

Organ­si­a­tion , social and per­son­al are three objec­tives of management

1.Organ­i­sa­tion­al objec­tive Sur­vival, prof­it and growth. 

2.Social objec­tive Using envi­ron­ment friend­ly meth­ods of pro­duc­tion, cre­at­ing employ­ment oppor­tu­ni­ties for the dis­ad­van­taged sec­tions of the soci­ety, etc. 

3. Per­son­al Objec­tive Com­pet­i­tive salary, growth, recog­ni­tion etc for employees. 

Prin­ci­ples Of Management

prin­ci­ple of man­age­ment are gen­er­als guide­lines which can be used for con­duct in work places under cer­atin sit­u­a­tions. It also helps man­ag­er to take and imple­ment though­ful deci­sion. Fea­ture of prin­ci­pals of man­age­ment are

(I) Uni­ver­sal applicability

(ii) Gen­er­al guidelines

(iii) Flex­i­ble

(iv) Con­tin­gent I.e. based on situation 

(V) cause and effect relationship

(vi) Influ­enc­ing human behavior

Man­age­ment As a Profession

Like a pro­fes­sion, man­anga­met has well defined body of knowl­edge but it is not con­sid­ers a full Fledege pro­fes­sion because it does­n’t ful­fil all the char­ac­ter­is­tics of profession. 

(I) Man­age­ment has cer­tain char­ac­ter­is­tics of pro­fes­sion like :

• It has well defined body of knowledge
• Exis­tence of all India Man­age­ment Asso­ci­a­tion (AIMA)
• Must abide the code of con­duct, more and more eth­i­cal prac­tices to be followed
• It has ser­vice motive, con­cern over social respon­si­bil­i­ty is gain­ing importance

(ii) Man­age­ment not a full fledged pro­fes­sion because

• One can be a man­ag­er in any orgn­si­a­tion with­out a degree of MBA. 
• It is not com­pul­so­ry for man­agers to become mem­bers of AIMA. Thus, it is on the path of becom­ing pro­fes­sion and not con­sid­ered as a full feldged profession. 
• No eth­i­cal code of con­duct for­mal­ly applicable. 

Lev­el of Management

(I) Top Lev­el Management

(con­sist of board of Direc­tors, the chief exec­u­tive or the Man­ag­ing direc­tor) Func­tions per­formed at top lev­el man­age­ment are:

• Respon­si­ble for wel­fare and sur­vival of the organization.
• Analyse busi­ness environment
• For­mu­late over­all organ­i­sa­tion­al goals and startegiest. 
• Inte­grat­ed diverse ele­ments and coor­di­nate the activ­i­ties of dif­fer­ent department.

(ii) Mid­dle Lev­el Management

(con­sist of heads of func­tion­al depart­ment, plant super­in­ten­dent etc) 

Func­tions per­formed at mid­dle lev­el man­age­ment are:

• Respon­si­ble for imple­ment­ing and con­trol­ling plans and strate­gies devel­oped by top management.
• Respon­si­ble for all the activ­i­ties of first line managers. 
• It
• Intre­pret the plans and poli­cies framed by top management 
• Ensur­ing avail­abil­i­ty of nec­es­sary personnel 
• Assign­ing nec­es­sary duties and respon­si­bil­i­ties to the personnel 
• Coop­er­ate with oth­er department

(iii) Low­er Lev­el Man­age­ment or super­vi­so­ry level

(con­sist of super­vi­sors, fore­men Nd super­in­ten­dent) Func­tions per­formed at oper­a­tional / super­vi­so­ry lev­el are:

• Inter­act with actu­al work force and pass on instruc­tions of the mid­dle management
• They main­tain dis­ci­pline among workers
• They ensure qual­i­ty out­put, min­i­mum wastage and safe­ty standards.

Functions of Management

The main function of Management are:

1. Plan­ning
2. Organ­is­ing
3. Staffing
4. Direct­ing
5. Con­trol­ling

Plan­ning

It is an intel­lec­tu­al process it is a con­scious deter­mi­na­tion of course of action, which enables an orga­ni­za­tion to ga e uncer­tain­ty and change. Impor­tance of plan­ning is stat­ed in the points below:

• Pro­vides direc­tion to action
• Reduces the risk of uncertainty
• Facil­i­taes deci­sion making
• Pro­motes inno­v­a­tive ideas
• Reduces over­lap­ping and waste­ful activities
• Estab­lished stan­dard for controlling

Organs­ing

Organs­ing is a process of iden­ti­fy­ing and group­ing the work to be per­formed, defin­ing and del­e­gat­ing respon­si­bil­i­ty and author­i­ty and estab­lish­ing rela­tion­ship for the pur­pose of enabling peo­ple to work msot effec­tive­ly togeth­er in accom­ply­ing objec­tives . Impotance of organ­is­ing is stat­ed in the points below:

• Clar­i­ty in work­ing relationship 
• Effec­tive Admisntration
• Expan­sion and growths
• Ben­e­fits of specialisation
• Opti­mum util­i­sa­tion of resources
• Devel­op­ment of personnel
• Adap­ta­tion to change

Staffing

It has been described as the man­age­r­i­al func­tion of fill­ing and keep­ing the posi­tions filled in the organ­i­sa­tion­al structure. 

In the words, staffing is that part of the process of man­age­ment which is con­sid­ered with obtain­ing, util­is­ing and main­tain­ing a sat­is­fac­to­ry work force. 

impor­tance of staffing work force

• Obtain­ing com­pe­tent personnel
• High­er performance
• con­tin­u­os sur­vival and growth
• Opti­mum util­i­sa­tion of human resources
• Moti­va­tion and morale

Direct­ing

It refers to the process of instruct­ing, guid­ing, coun­selling, moti­vat­ing and lead­ing peo­ple in the organ­i­sa­tion through effec­tive com­mu­ni­ca­tion so tabt their efforts result in achieve­ment of organ­i­sa­tion­al objec­tives. Impor­tance of direct­ing is stat­ed in the points below:

• Helps to ini­ti­ate action
• Inte­grares employ­ees’ effort
• Improves effi­cien­cy
• Helps to bring sta­bil­i­ty and bal­ance in the organisation
• Facil­i­tates intro­duc­tion of need­ed changes in the organisation

Con­trol­ling

It is an indis­pens­able func­tion of man­age­ment. It us the force which helps the man­age­ment to attain the pre deter­mined or planned per­formed. Impor­tance of con­trol­ling is stat­ed in the points below:

• Helps in accom­plish­ing organ­isati­nal goals
• Helps in judg­ing accu­ra­cy of standard
• Helps in mak­ing effi­cient use of resources 
• Helps in improv­ing emoy­ee’s motivation
• Helps in bet­ter per­for­mance by ensur­ing order and discipline.