As you know people communicating with each other by a language and language can be Hindi, English, French and many more so to communicate with the computer we introduce Programming language.
Programming language is defined as the process of communicating with a computer and programmer(Developer).
What is a programming language?
Language is the Collection of words and sentences that are used to communicate with others and it is the way to talk to someone.
Programming language is computer language.
Which is used by a programmer(Developer) for talking to computers.
Type of programming language
1 Low level Programming language
Low-level programming languages are those languages that can be understood by machines directly. It is based on 0 and 1. The process allows running directly on low-level language. It is hard for humans to understand. Example: machine language, assembly language.
2.High Level Programming Language:-
High-level programming languages are those languages that can be understood by humans or programmers(Developer ). It is like the English language with some symbols. To understand the computer High-Level Language. it requires an interpreter or compiler. High-level programming language Example: Procedural Oriented programming language and Object-Oriented Programming language high-level programming language include Java, Python, JavaScript, PHP, Objective C, C, C++, C#, Cobol, Perl, Pascal, LISP, FORTRAN, and Swift programming language.
3. Middle Level Programming language:-
Middle-level programming languages are those languages that lie between Low level and High-level programming languages. People also know it by pseudo-language, intermediate language. Middle-level Programming languages include c and c++ language.
Most Popular Programming language
- Python is a user-friendly programming language that is widely used. It is an open-source, simple-to-learn programming language that was created in the 1990s. It is primarily used in machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data, graphical user interface (GUI)-based desktop applications, and robotics.
Advantages
Python is a language that is simple to read, understand, and write.
It is compatible with other programming languages such as C, C++, and Java.
Python executes code line by line, making it simple for the programmer to locate errors in the code.
Python is platform-agnostic, which means that you can write code once and run it anywhere.
Disadvantages
Python is unsuitable for creating mobile applications.
Python communicates with the interpreter. As a result, it is slower than other programming languages such as C and C++.
2. C is a popular, straightforward, and adaptable general-purpose computer programming language. Dennis M Ritchie creates it at AT&T in 1972. It is a hybrid of a low-level programming language and a high-level programming language. It is used in the creation of applications such as text editors, compilers, network devices, and many others.
Advantages
The C programming language is simple to learn.
It is a powerful and flexible programming language that is fast, efficient, portable, and portable.
It is used in complex calculations and operations, such as MATLAB.
It supports dynamic memory allocation, which allows memory to be allocated at runtime.
Disadvantages
It is extremely difficult to find errors in the C programming language.
C, unlike OOPs, does not support constructors, destructors, abstraction, polymorphism, encapsulation, and namespace.
3. C++ is one of the thousands of programming languages used to create software. Bjarne Stroustrup created the C++ programming language in 1980. It is similar to C but includes some additional features such as exception handling, object-oriented programming, type checking, and so on.
Advantages
C++ is a structured programming language that is easy to learn and use.
It is compatible with OOPs features such as Abstraction, Inheritance, and Encapsulation.
It offers high-level abstraction and is useful for a low-level programming language, as well as being more efficient for general-purpose programming.
C++ is more compatible with the C programming language.
Disadvantages
When compared to other programming languages such as Java or Python, the C++ programming language is not as secure.
Garbage collection is not supported in C++.
Debugging large and complex web applications is difficult.
4. PHP is an abbreviation for Hypertext Preprocessor. It is an open-source, powerful server-side scripting language that is primarily used to create both static and dynamic websites. Rasmus Laird invented it in 1994. We can also write HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code within PHP. The file extension.php is used to save PHP files.
Advantages
PHP is a safer and easier-to-use programming language.
It is compatible with large online libraries.
It is compatible with a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and Mac.
It has a high level of compatibility with cloud services.
Disadvantages
PHP is not designed to handle a large number of applications and is not appropriate for large applications.
It is extremely difficult to keep up.
5. Java Sun Microsystems created Java in 1995 as a simple, secure, platform-independent, reliable, architecture-neutral high-level programming language. Oracle now controls Java. It is primarily used to create applications for banks, retail, information technology, android, big data, research communities, web, and desktop.
Advantages
In comparison to other programming languages, Java is simple to write, compile, learn, and debug.
It allows you to run the same programme on multiple platforms.
Because there is no concept of explicit pointers in Java, it is a highly secure programming language.
It has the ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time.
Disadvantages
Java uses more memory and executes slower than other programming languages such as C or C++.
It does not include a backup system.
6. JavaScript is a type of scripting language that can be used on both the client and server sides. It was created in the 1990s for use with the Netscape Navigator web browser. It enables programmers to implement complex features that bring web pages to life. It aids programmers in the creation of dynamic websites, servers, mobile applications, animated graphics, games, and other applications.
Advantage
JavaScript enables us to incorporate behaviour and interactivity into web pages.
It can be used to reduce the server’s loading time.
It is capable of producing visually appealing, dynamic websites as well as rich user interfaces.
JavaScript is a programming language that is simple, versatile, and lightweight.
JavaScript and its syntax are simple to grasp.
Disadvantage
JavaScript is entirely browser-based.
Multiple inheritances are not supported.
When compared to other programming languages, it is less secure.
7. C# (pronounced as C sharp) is a modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language used on the.NET platform with XML-based Web services. It is primarily intended to boost productivity in web applications. It is easier to learn for users who are familiar with common programming languages such as C, C++, or Java.
Advantages
C# is a modern, type-safe, simple, fast, and open-source programming language that works well with Windows.
C# (C sharp) programming language requires less maintenance than C++ programming language.
C# is a completely object-oriented programming language.
C# includes a powerful memory backup feature. As a result, it avoids the issue of memory leakage.
Disadvantages
Because it is entirely based on the Microsoft.Net framework, C# is less flexible.
Multithreaded applications in C# are difficult to write, understand, debug, and maintain.
8. R programming is currently one of the most popular programming languages for data analytics, scientific research, machine learning algorithms, and statistical computing. Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman created it in 1993. It makes it easier for marketers and data scientists to analyse, present, and visualise data.
Advantages
Data Wrangling is well supported by R programming.
It has a simple user interface.
It is compatible with all platforms, including Windows, Linux, and Mac.
It is a platform-independent, open-source programming language.
Disadvantages
3D graphics are not supported by R programming.
It is more time consuming than other programming languages.
9. Go, also known as Golang, is an open-source programming language. It is used to create software that is simple, dependable, and efficient. It was created in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson.
Advantages
The Go programming language is simple to learn and use.
It includes built-in testing tools.
Go is a lightning-fast programming language.
Disadvantages
The Go programming language does not support generics.
It does not allow for error handling.
It is in favour of a lack of frameworks.
10. Ruby is an open-source, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that was first released in 1993. It is employed in both front-end and back-end web development. It is primarily intended for the creation of CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripts.
Advantages
Ruby supports a number of GUI (Graphical User Interface) tools, including GTK and OpenGL.
It is used to create both internet and intranet applications.
Ruby code is short and has few lines.
Disadvantages
Ruby is more time consuming than other programming languages.
Debugging Ruby code is extremely difficult for programmers.